13 Common Things Bosses Do That Are Completely Illegal

Many managers cross the line without even realizing it—or worse, knowing they can get away with it. The worst part is that employees don't realize their rights are being trampled. This list breaks down common but sneaky violations that could have your boss in hot water.

Paying Less Than Minimum Wage

Bosses might justify low wages with lines like "it's just a starting rate" or "tips will add it up." However, the law is clear: federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour or higher in some states, and anything less is illegal. Employers who underpay workers face severe penalties, including back pay and fines.

Forcing Employees to Work Off the Clock

Your boss can't make you clock out and then keep you working. If you're staying late to clean up or coming in early to prep without pay, that's wage theft. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is strict, and employers should compensate for all work-related duties. Keep track of your hours, and file a complaint if your paycheck doesn't match up.

Stealing Tips

Managers and owners cannot pocket a portion of your hard-earned gratuity. Even tip pooling must follow strict rules. Some shady employers try to justify skimming tips by claiming it's for "house expenses" or "customer refunds." The law cracks down hard on tip theft, and lawsuits have forced many businesses to repay stolen wages.

Misclassifying Employees as Independent Contractors

Some businesses mislabel workers as independent contractors to skip out on providing benefits, overtime, and job protections. The IRS and Department of Labor have clear guidelines for separating employees from contractors. If you're being told when and where to work, using company equipment, and being managed like an employee—you're probably misclassified.

Denying Legally Required Breaks

Federal law doesn't require meal breaks, but many state laws do, and rest breaks are often protected under labor laws. Some bosses try to pressure employees into skipping breaks by making them feel guilty or scheduling workloads that make breaks impossible. Your employer is breaking the law if you're in a state with required breaks but aren't getting them.

Retaliating Against Complaints

Many people experience reporting a workplace issue and suddenly find themselves on the worst shifts or getting written up for nonsense. That's retaliation, and it's illegal. Employees can report unsafe conditions, wage theft, discrimination, or other forms of retaliation in response.

Refusing to Provide Reasonable Accommodations

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) provides protection for workers with disabilities. They are entitled to reasonable accommodations, such as modified work hours, assistive equipment, or a slight change in duties.  Unless doing so would result in "undue hardship"—a difficult standard to meet—employers are required to offer reasonable options.

Withholding Final Paychecks

Quitting or getting fired doesn't mean your employer can hold your last paycheck hostage. Some bosses try to withhold wages as "punishment" or claim they need time to process paperwork. Each state has different rules on how quickly an employer must issue final pay, but it's usually within a few days.

Forcing Employees to Work in Unsafe Conditions

Your safety is not optional. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines should be the standard for a safe work environment. Take note the next time you're being asked to operate broken equipment, work in extreme temperatures without protection, or handle dangerous chemicals without proper training.

Spying on Personal Conversations

They might own the company but don't own your private life. While employers can monitor work-related communications, secretly listening to personal conversations or reading private messages without consent is illegal. Some states have strict privacy laws that prevent even workplace surveillance without disclosure.

Forcing Employees to Do Unpaid Training

Mandatory training must be paid if it's job-related. Employers can't require you to complete hours of unpaid training just to get started. Some companies use this loophole to cut costs by calling it an "internship" or "trial period."

Demanding Access to Social Media Accounts

Your boss doesn't have the right to snoop through your DMs or demand your login credentials. Some employers try to pressure workers into handing over social media passwords to "protect company interests" or ensure "appropriate behavior." Not only is this unethical, but it's crossing a legal line.

Not Paying for Business Expenses

Your employer is typically in charge of paying you back if your job requires you to utilize your money for work-related expenses. Travel mileage, uniforms, supplies, and even phone costs if you use your device for work are all included in this.

Changing Work Hours Without Notice

Some bosses shift schedules like they're playing Tetris. However, changing work hours without proper notice can be illegal, especially for hourly employees. In many states, laws require advance notice or even "predictive scheduling" policies. Suddenly slashing someone's hours or demanding a last-minute shift without consent could violate labor regulations. Employers who pull such stunts could be fined or forced to offer due compensation.

Discriminating Against Pregnant Employees

Some bosses sideline pregnant employees with excuses like "It's for safety" or "We need someone more available." However, under the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, mistreating workers due to pregnancy, childbirth, or related conditions is illegal. This includes denying promotions, cutting hours, or forcing unpaid leave. Employers who cross the line face consequences like lawsuits, financial penalties, and plenty of bad press.